



V * '. • " ^" 



<» '» • • • jlj 



. .^°^ 



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"7 




o^ * « " • ♦ ^ A^ . 









Handy Book 

Containing tables, rules and 
other information regarding the 
working of the precious metals 



Copyright, 1914 

HANDYCBi, HARM AN 

Bridgeport, Conn. 
New York City 









H3 




Handy CSi> Harman 






SMELTERS AND 
REFINERS OF 


, '. 




Gold, Silver and 






Platinum 






MANUFACTURERS OF 






Fine Gold and Silver Bars 






Rolled Gold Granulated Silver 






Rolled Sterling Silver 






.999+ Fine Silver Anodes 






"Special Refined" Granulated Silver 




/^-^'5^/A0 7 




Plant BRIDGEPORT, CONN. 






NEW YORK OFFICE 59 Cedar Street 






©CU387724 

NOV 27 1914 





/u 



Preface 

THE "Handy Book" is published by the Service Depart- 
ment of Handy 8b Harman, a department which was or- 
ganized primarily to increase the efficiency of their own 
business, which is the Smelting, Refining and the Melting, 
Alloying and Rolling of the precious metals. 

This department embraces a thoroughly up-to-date 
laboratory, conducted by expert metallurgists and Metal- 
lurgical Engineers of recognized standing. 

We offer the services of this department to assist the 
manufacturer in dealing with the problems arising in his 
business, and we solicit your correspondence. 

The object of this book is to provide the progressive 
Manufacturing Jeweler with information that will be of 
value to him in the manufacture of his product. 

We believe that the tables and rules will give the Jeweler 
definite and concrete information regarding the handling of 
the precious metals which has never been published before. 

We acknowledge our indebtedness to the assistance and 
co-operation of E. H. Ackley of Eckfeldt 85 Ackley, Newark, 
N. J., G. H. Dufour, (Jewelry Dept.), Marshall Field & Co., 
Chicago, 111., J. H. Bennett, J. R. Wood & Sons, Newark^ 
N. J., and Newman D. Waffle, M. A., East Orange, N. J. 

H. W. BOYNTON 
a H. NIEMEYER 
Editors, 



Contents 

Page 
Alloyed Gold— See Karat Gold. 

Avoirdupois Weight to Troy Weight 11 

Comparison of Pure Platinum and Iridium-Platinum - - - 28 

Decimal Equivalents of Common Fractions 8 

Diamond Weights and Tables (Old and Metric) - - - 38-39-40 

Gold Coins, How to Alloy 15 

Gold, How to Recover from Cyanide Solution - - - - 37 

Grains and Half-Grains, Decimal Equivalents of - - - - 10 

GAUGES:— 

Illustrations of Gauges. 

Brown 85 Sharpe American Standard Wire Gauge - - 3 

Douzieme Caliper Gauge 1 

English Standard Wire Gauge 3 

Micrometer Gauge 7 

Millimeter Caliper Gauge 5 

Screw, Point or Dial Gauge -- 7 

Stubbs Gauge 3 

Equivalents of Gauges in Thousandths of an Inch. 

Brown 85 Sharpe American Standard Wire Gauge - - 4 

Douzieme Caliper Gauge -- 2 

English Standard Wire Gauge ------- 4 

Millimeter Caliper Gauge 6 

Point Gauge -- 7 

Screw Gauge ----. 7 

Stubbs Gauge -- 4 

KARAT GOLD:— 

Basic Formulas for Karat Gold -------19 

Fineness of Gold Karats ---15 

Formula for Raising the Karat of Gold 14 

Formula for Reducing the Karat of Gold 13 

Raising Table for Alloyed Gold 14 

Reducing Table for Alloyed Gold 13 



CONTENTS— Continued 

Page 
Specific Gravity of Karat Gold — see Specific Gravity. 

United States Gold Coins 15 

Weights of Karat Gold — see Weight Tables. 
Melting Points of Metals ------._. 28 

Miscellaneous Information ------_. _27 

Pearl Weights and Tables (Old and Metric) . _ . . 38-39-40 

Silver, How to Recover from Cyanide Solution - - - - 37 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY:— 

Formula for Finding the Specific Gravity of an Alloy - - 18 
General Remarks on Specific Gravity - - - - 16-17 

Specific Gravities of Karat Gold 19 

Specific Gravities of Metals - - 28 

Troy Weight to Avoirdupois Weight - - - - - - - 12 

Temperatures by Color (approximate) 28 

WEIGHT TABLES— Gold, Silver and Platinum:— 

Comparative Weight of Equal Volumes 20 

Formula for Finding the Weight of Gold, Silver or Platinum 

Sheet - . _ 23 

Formula for Finding the V/eight of Gold, Silver or Platinum 

Wire - -24 

Gold Sheet Tables, Weight per Square Inch - - - 21-22 

Gold Round Wire Tables, Weight per Linear Foot - 25-26 

Platinum Round Wire Table, Weight per Linear Foot - - 25 
Platinum Sheet Table, Weight per Square Inch - - - 21 
Silver Sheet Tables, Fine and Sterling, Weight per Square Inch 32 
Silver Wire Tables, Fine and Sterling, Weight per Linear Foot 32 

Sterling Silver Circle Tables 33-34-35-36 

Sterling Silver Sheet Tables - - - - - - 29-30-31 

Unit Sheet Table - - - - 23 

Unit Wire Table 24 

Weighing (New System) - - 9-10 




''Special Refined'' Silver Best for Alloying 



Gauges 



Equivalent 


of each point on Douzieme 


Gauge 


\ 


Equivalent 




^ 


Equivalent 


DOUZIEMES 


in Thousandths 


DOUZIEMES in Thousandths 




of an inch 






of an inch 


1 


.00740 




37 


.27386 


2 


.01480 




38 


.28126 


3 


.02220 




39 


. 28866 


4 


.02961 




40 


,29606 


5 


,03701 




41 


.30346 


6 


.04441 




42 


.31087 


7 


.05181 




43 


.31827 


8 


.05921 




44 


.32567 


9 


.06661 




45 


.33307 


10 


.07402 




46 


.34047 


11 


.08142 




47 


.34787 


1 Ligne=12 


. 08882 


4 Lignes= 


=48 


.35527 


13 


.09622 




49 


.36268 


14 


.10362 




50 


.37008 


15 


.11102 




51 


.37748 


16 


.11842 




52 


.38488 


17 


.12583 




53 


.39228 


18 


. 13323 




54 


.39968 


19 


. 14063 




55 


.40709 


20 


. 14803 




56 


.41449 


21 


. 15543 




57 


.42189 


22 


.16283 , 




58 


.42929 


23 


.17024 




59 


.43669 


2 Lignes— 24 


.17764 


5 Lignes= 


=60 


.44409 


25 


.18504 




61 


.45150 


26 


.19244 




62 


.45890 


27 


. 19984 




63 


.46630 


28 


.20724 




64 


.47370 


29 


.21465 




65 


.48110 


30 


.22205 




66 


.48850 


31 


.22945 




67 


.49590 


32 


.23685 




68 


.50331 


33 


.24425 




69 


.51071 


34 


.25165 




70 


.51811 


35 


.25905 




71 


.52551 


3 Lignes — 36 


.26646 


6 Lignes= 


-72 


.53291 



1 Ligne=2.256 Millimeters 



Promptness is a feature of our refining service 



Gauges 



Stubbs 
or 

English 
Standard 



Brown 
Sharpe 



American 
Standard 




Try Us On a Lot of Your Szveeps 





Gauges 




and their 


Equivalents in Thousandths of an 


Inch 


American 

Standard 

Gauge 


Equivalents 

in thousandths 

of an inch 


American Equivalents 
Standard in thousandths 
Gauge of an inch 


1 


.28930 


21 .02846 




2 


.25763 


22 .02534 




3 


.22942 


23 .02257 




4 


.20431 


24 .02010 




5 


.18194 


25 .01790 




6 


.16202 


26 .01594 




7 


.14428 


27 .01419 




8 


.12849 


28 .01264 




9 


.11443 


29 .01125 




10 


.10189 


30 .01002 




11 


.09074 


31 .00892 




12 


.08080 


32 .00795 




13 


.07196 


33 .00708 




14 


.06408 


34 .00630 




15 


.05706 


35 .00561 




16 


.05082 


36 .00500 




17 


.04525 


37 .00445 




18 


.04030 


38 .00396 




19 


.03589 


39 .00353 




20 


.03196 40 .00314 




Stubbs 
Gauge 


Equivalents 

in thousandths 

of an inch 


Stubbs •^?i:f^''^^^"ii 

Gauge '" thousandths 
^ of an mch 


1 


.300 


19 .042 




2 


.284 


20 .035 




3 


.259 


21 .032 




4 


.238 


22 .028 




5 


.220 


23 .025 




6 


.203 


24 .022 




7 


.180 


25 .020 




8 


.165 


26 .018 




9 


.148 


27 .016 




10 


.134 


28 .014 




11 


.120 


29 .013 




12 


.109 


30 .012 




43 


.095 


31 .010 




14 


.083 


32 .009 




15 


.072 


33 .008 




16 


.065 


34 .007 




17 


.058 


35 .005 




18 


.049 


36 .004 





Can the Service Department kelp you? Write 




We Can Refine Your Platinum Sweeps 





Gauges 




Equivalent of each point on Millimeter Gauge 


Tenths Thousandths 
Millimeter of ^n inch 


Tenths Thousandths 
Millimeter of an inch 


Tenths Thousandths 
Millimeter of an inch 


1 .003937 


47 .185039 


94 .370078 


2 .007874 


48 .188976 


95 .374015 


3 .011811 


49 .192913 


96 .377952 


4 .015748 


50 .196850 


97 .381889 


5 .019685 


51 .200787 


98 .385826 


6 .023622 


52 .204724 


99 .389763 


7 .027559 


53 .208661 


100 .393700 


8 .031496 


54 .212598 


101 .397637 


9 .035433 


55 .216535 


102 .401574 


10 .039370 


56 .220472 


103 .405511 


11 .043307 


57 .224409 


104 .409448 


12 .047244 


58 .228346 


105 .413385 


13 .051181 


59 .232283 


106 .417322 


14 .055118 


60 .236220 


107 .421259 


15 .059055 


61 .240157 


108 .425196 


16 .062992 


62 .244094 


109 .429133 


17 .066929 


63 .248031 


110 .433070 


18 .070866 


64 .251968 


111 .437007 


19 .074803 


65 .255905 


112 .440944 


20 .078740 


66 .259842 


113 .444881 


21 .082677 


67 .263779 


114 .448818 


22 .086614 


68 .267716 


115 .452755 


23 .090551 


69 .271653 


116 .456692 


24 .094488 


70 .275590 


117 .460629 


25 .098425 


71 .279527 


118 .464566 


26 .102362 


72 .283464 


119 .468503 


27 .106299 


73 .287401 


120 .472440 


28 .110236 


74 .291338 


121 .476377 


29 .114173 


75 .295275 


122 .480314 


30 .118110 


76 .299212 


123 .484251 


31 -122047 


77 .303149 


124 .488188 


32 .125984 


78 .307086 


125 .492125 


33 .129921 


79 .311023 


126 .496062 


34 .133858 


80 ,314960 


127 .499999 


35 .137795 


81 .318897 


128 .503936 


36 .141732 


82 .322834 


129 .507873 


37 .145669 


83 .326771 


130 .511810 


38 .149606 


84 .330708 


131 .515747 


39 .153543 


85 .334645 


132 .519684 


40 .157480 


86 .338582 


133 .523621 


41 161417 


87 .342519 


134 -527558 


42 .165354 


88 .346456 


135 .531495 


89 .350393 


136 .535432 


43 .169291 


90 .354330 


137 .539369 


44 .173228 


91 .358267 


138 .543306 


45 .177165 


92 .362204 


139 .547243 


46 .181102 


93 .366141 


140 .551180 



Accuracy is the keynote of our refining service 



Gauges 




Micrometer 




Reads in thousandths of an inch 
and is the basis of measurement used 
in this book. 



Screw, Point or Dial Gauge 

Reads in Points 

Each point being equivalent to X 
of one thousandth of an inch. 



EXAMPLE:— 

80 points on this 
Gauge are equal to 
20 thousandths of 
an inch. 



li 



Same as Gauge shown 
above except that dial reads 
directly in thousandths of an 
inch, there being 4 lines on 
the dial to each thousandth 
of an inch. A complete 
revolution of the pointer 
measures 25 thousandths of 
an inch. 




I 



Yoli will be interested in our returns for your Szueeps 



Gauges 

Decimal Equivalents of Common Fractions 



Eighths and Quarters of an inch 



.125 
.250 
.375 
.500 
.625 
.750 
.875 



Sixteenths of an inch 



1 

3 

5 

7 

9 

11 

13 

15 



.0625 
.1875 
.3125 
.4375 
.5625 
.6875 
.8125 
.9375 



Thirty-seconds of an inch 



1 


.03125 


3 


.09375 


5 


.15625 


7 


.21875 


9 


.28125 


11 


.34375 


13 


.40625 


15 


.46875 


17 


.53125 


19 


.59375 


21 


.65625 


23 


.71875 


25 


.78125 


27 


.84375 


29 


.90625 


31 


.96875 



Sixty-fourths of an inch 



1 

3 

• 5 

7 

9 

11 

13 

15 



.015625 
.046875 
.078125 
.109375 
.140625 
.171875 
.203125 
.234375 



17 


.265625 


19 


.296875 


21 


.328125 


23 


.359375 


25 


.390625 


27 


.421875 


29 


.453125 


31 


.484375 


33 


.515625 


35 


.546875 


37 


.578125 


39 


.609375 


41 


.640625 


43 


.671875 


45 


.703125 


47 


.734375 


49 


.765625 


51 


.796875 


53 


.828125 


55 


.859375 


57 


.890625 


59 


.921875 


61 


.953125 


63 


.984375 



Melting Insurance — "Special Refined" Silver 



Weights 

A New System of Weighing 

WE offer a suggestion to the Manufacturing Jeweler 
in the form of a "New System" for weighing metal. 
In our method the Pennyweight is the unit as heretofore but 
the Grain is discontinued in favor of a decimal system, the 
Pennyweight being divided into one hundred parts instead 
of twenty-four as before. The new weights read "Penny- 
weights" and "Hundredths of a Pennyweight." 

There are several good reasons why the "New System" 
has advantages over the old. First of all is simplicity, for 
you will readily admit that it is easier to figure decimal 
parts than awkward fractions such as you now encounter 
in billing or in making up a melt. Second, the "New 
System" lessens the possibility of error; certainly a factor 
when you are dependent upon others. Third, it enables 
you to weigh closer, a point not to be overlooked if you 
handle Platinum, etc. 

The "New" weights are being made for us by H. Kohl- 
bush, Sr., Voland 8b Co., H. Troemner & Co., and C. Becker. 
They are illustrated on the opposite page, and the cost per 
set ranges from 85 cents to $1.85 according to the manu- 
facturer. We can supply these weights or they may be 
obtained directly from the manufacturers. 



''Special Refined'" Silver for alloying 



Weights (New System) 

All the weights given in this book are figured according to the "New 
System," illustrated below. Two different manufacturers' weights 
are shown. 




For the convenience of the manufacturer using the Reference and 
Weight Tables given, who prefers to continue the use of the "Old 
Method," we give below an Equivalent Table. 

Decimal Equivalents of Grains and Half Grains 





Dwt. 




Dwt. 


3^ Grain 


.0208 


12>^ Grains 


.5208 


1 Grain 


.0417 


13 Grains 


.5417 


1% Grains 


.0625 


13>^ Grains 


.5625 


2 Grains 


.0833 


14 Grains 


.5833 


2>^ Grains 


.1042 


14>^ Grains 


.6042 


3 Grains 


.1250 


15 Grains 


.6250 


3^2 Grains 


.1458 


ISyi Grains 


.6458 


4 Grains 


.1667 


16 Grains 


.6667 


4>^ Grains 


.1875 


16>2 Grains 


,6875 


5 Grains 


.2083 


17 Grains 


.7083 


S}4 Grains 


.2292 


17>^ Grains 


.7292 


6 Grains 


.2500 


18 Grains 


.7500 


6JE^ Grains 


.2708 


18>^ Grains 


.7708 


7 Grains 


.2917 


19 Grains 


.7917 


1}4 Grains 


.3125 


19>^ Grains 


.8125 


8 Grains 


.3333 


20 Grains 


.8333 


8>^ Grains 


.3542 


20>^ Grains 


.8542 


9 Grains 


.3750 


2 1 Grains 


.8750 


9K Grains 


.3958 


21^ Grains 


.8958 


10 Grains 


.4167 


22 Grains 


.9167 


10>^ Grains 


.4375 


22>^ Grains 


.9375 


11 Grains 


.4583 


23 Grains 


.9583 


11^ Grains 


.4792 


233^ Grains 


.9792 


12 Grains 


.5000 


24 Grains 


1.0000 



Promptness is a feature of our refining service 



10 



Weights 

Avoirdupois Ounces and Pounds to Ounces Troy 



Avoir. Troy 


Avoir. 


Troy 


Avoir. 


Troy 


Ozs. Ozs. 


Lbs. 


Ozs. 


Lbs. 


Ozs. 


1 .9115 


23 


335.417 


62 


904.167 


2 1.823 


24 


350.000 


63 


918.750 


3 2.734 


25 


364.583 


64 


933.333 


4 3.646 


26 


379.167 


65 


947.917 


5 - 4.557 


27 


393.750 


66 


962.500 


6 5.469 


28 


408.333 


67 


977.083 


7 6.380 


29 


422.917 


68 


991.667 


8 7.292 


30 


437.500 


69 


1006.250 


9 8.203 


31 


452.083 


70 


1020.833 


10 9.115 


32 


466.667 


71 


1035.417 


11 10.026 


33 


481.250 


72 


1050.000 


12 10.937 


34 


495.833 


73 


1064.583 


13 11.849 


35 


510.417 


74 


1079.167 


14 12.760 


36 


525.000 


75 


1093.750 


15 13.672 


37 
38 


539.583 
554.167 


76 

77 


1108.333 
1122.917 


Avoir. Lbs. 


39 


568.750 


78 


1137.500 


1 14.583 


40 


583.333 


79 


1152.083 


2 29.167 


41 


597.917 


80 


1166.667 


3 43.750 


42 


612.500 


81 


1181.250 


4 58.333 


43 


627.083 


82 


1195.833 


5 72.917 


44 


641.667 


83 


1210.417 


6 87.500 


45 


656.250 


84 


1225.000 


7 102.083 


46 


670.833 


85 


1239.583 


8 116.667 


47 


685.417 


86 


1254.167 


9 131.250 


48 


700.000 


87 


1268.750 


10 145.833 


49 


714.583 


88 


1283.333 


11 160.417 


50 


729.167 


89 


1297.917 


12 175.000 


51 


743.750 


90 


1312.500 


13 189.583 


52 


758.333 


91 


1327.083 


14 204.167 


53 


772.917 


92 


1341.667 


15 218.750 


54 


787.500 


93 


1356.250 


16 233.333 


55 


802.083 


94 


1370.833 


17 247.917 


56 


816.667 


95 


1385.417 


18 262.500 


57 


831.250 


96 


1400.000 


19 277.083 


58 


845.833 


97 


1414.583 


20 291.667 


59 


860.417 


98 


1429.167 


21 306.250 


60 


875.000 


99 


1443.750 


22 320.833 


61 


889.583 


100 


1458.333 


LI . In trouble f Mayb 


e our Se 


rvice Depart 


ment can help you 



Weights 

Ounces Troy to Pounds and Ounces Avoirdupois 



Lbs. and Ozs. 
Ozs. Troy Avoir. 



Lbs. aad Ozs. 
Ozs. Troy Avoir. 



Lbs. and Ozs. 
Ozs. Troy Avoir. 



1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 



1.1 
2.2 
3.3 
4.4 
5.5 
6.6 
7.7 
8.8 
9.9 
11.0 



12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 



1- 
1- 
1- 
1- 
1- 
1- 
1- 
1- 
1- 
1 



0. 
1. 
2. 
3.8 
4.9 
6.0 
7.1 
8.2 
9.3 
10.4 



1-11.5 
1-12.5 
1-13.7 
1-14.8 
1-15.9 
2- 1. 



2- 
2- 
2- 
2- 
2- 
2- 



7.5 



37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 



2- 8.6 
2- 9.7 
2-10.8 
2-11.9 
2-13.0 
2-14.1 
2-15.2 



3- 
3- 
3- 
3- 
3- 
3- 
3- 
3- 
3- 
3 



0.3 
1.4 
2.5 
3.6 
4.7 
5.8 
6.9 
8.0 
9.1 
10.2 



3-11.3 
3-12.4 
3-13.5 
3-14.6 
3-15.7 



4- 


0.8 


4- 


1.9 


4- 


3.0 


4- 


4.1 


4- 


5.2 


4- 


6.3 


4- 


7.4 


4- 


8.5 


4- 


9.6 



4-10.7 
4-11.8 
4-12.8 
4-13.9 
4-15.0 
5- 0.1 



74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

1000 



5- 
5- 
5- 
5- 
5- 
5- 
5- 
5- 
5 



1.2 
2.3 
3.4 
4.5 
5.6 
6.7 
7.8 
8.9 
10.0 



5-11.1 
5-12.2 
5-13.3 
5-14.4 
5-15.5 



0.6 
1.7 
2.8 
3.9 



6- 

6- 

6- 

6- 

6- 

6- 

6- 

6- 

6- 

6-10. 

6-11. 

6-12.7 

6-13.8 
13-11.5 
20- 9.2 



27- 
34- 
41- 
48- 
54- 



6.9 
4.6 
2.3 
0.0 
13.8 



61-11.5 
68- 9.2 



Try us on a lot of your sweeps 



12 



Reducing Table 

To Alloy Gold from any Karat to any Lower Karat 



From 



24 K 


2.000 


23 K 


1.875 


22 K 


1.750 


*21.6 K 


1.700 


21 K 


1.625 


20 K 


1.500 


19 K 


1.375 


18 K 


1.250 


17 K 


1.125 


16 K 


1.000 


15 K 


.875 


14 K 


.750 


13 K 


.625 


12 K 


.500 


UK 


.375 


10 K 


.250 


9K 


.125 



To 
8K. 



Dwts. 



To 
10 K. 



Dwts 



1.400 

1.300 

1.200 

1.160 

1.100 

1.000 

.900 

.800 

.700 

.600 

.500 

.400 

.300 

.200 

.100 



To 
12 K. 



Dwts. 



1.000 
.917 
.833 
-800 
.750 
.667 
.583 
.500 
.417 
.333 
.250 
.167 
.083 



To 
14 K. 



Dwts. 



.714 
.643 
.571 
.543 
.500 
.429 
.357 
.286 
.214 
.143 
.071 



To 
16 K. 



Dwts. 



.500 
.438 
.375 
.350 
.313 
.250 
.188 
.125 
.063 



To 
18 K. 



Dwts, 



.333 

.278 
.222 
.200 
.167 
.111 
.056 



To 
20 K. 



Dwts. 



.200 
.150 
.100 
.080 
.050 



To 

22 K. 



Dwts. 



.091 
.045 



*American Gold Coin 

EXPLANATION OF TABLE 
To alloy from any karat to any lower karat locate karat of metal on 
hand in left hand column of table; then read across until you reach the 
column headed by the karat you wish to secure. That figure will repre- 
sent the number and fraction of dwts. of alloy that you must add to 
each dwt. of the original gold. 

GENERAL FORMULA FOR REDUCING THE FINENESS 

OF GOLD 
Multiply the weight by the difference between the fineness on hand 
and the fineness required, and divide by the latter. The result will be 
the weight of alloy to be added. 

Example 
Reduce 100 dwt. of 14 K. stock to 10 K. 

The difference between the finenesses is 4. By the rule we have 
100x4 

■ = 40 dwt. of alloy to be added. 

10 



13 



We sell Karat Gold in any fineness 



Raising Table 

To Raise Gold from any Karat to any Higher Karat 



From 


To 
22 K. 


To 
20 K. 


To 
18 K. 


To 
16 K. 


To 
14 K. 


To 
12 K. 


To 
10 K. 


To 
8K. 




Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


6 K 


8.000 
7.500 
7.000 
6.500 
6.000 
5.500 
5.000 
4.500 
4.000 
3.500 
3.000 
2.500 
2.000 
1.500 
1.000 
.500 
.200 


3.500 

3.250 

3.000 

2.750 

2.500 

2.250 

2.000 

1.750 

1.500 

1.250 

1.000 

.750 

.500 

.250 


2.000 

1.833 

1.667 

1.500 

1.333 

1.167 

1.000 

.833 

.667 

.500 

.333 

.167 


1.250 
1.125 
1.000 
.875 
.750 
.625 
.500 
.375 
.250 
.125 


.800 
.700 
.600 
.500 
.400 
.300 
-200 
.100 


.500 
.417 
.333 
.250 
.167 
.083 


.286 
.214 
.143 
.071 


.125 
.063 


7 K . . 


8 K 


9 K 




10 K 




UK 




12 K 




13 K 




14 K . ; 




15 K 




16 K 




17 K 




18 K 




19 K 




20 K 




21 K 




*21.60 K 





*American Gold Coin 

EXPLANATION OF TABLE. 

To raise from any karat to any higher karat, locate karat of metal on 
hand in left hand column of table, then read across until you reach the 
column headed by the karat you wish to secure. That figure will repre- 
sent the number and fraction of dwts. of fine gold that you must add to 
each dwt. of the original gold. 

GENERAL FORMULA FOR INCREASING THE FINENESS 

OF GOLD 

Multiply the weight by the difference between the baseness — that is, 
the number of parts of alloy — of the gold on hand and the baseness of 
the karat required, and divide by the latter. The result will be the weight 
of fine gold to be added. 

Example 

Increase 100 dwt. of 10 K. stock to 14 K. 

The difference between the basenesses is 4. By the rule we have 

=40 dwt. of fine gold to be added. 

10 



Alloyed Gold in any karat for special purposes. 



14 



Gold Coins 

Reducing Table for U. S. Money 

To reduce a U. S. gold piece to any of the karats given, add alloy to the 
amount indicated opposite the denomination of the gold piece and under 
the karat wanted. 

To To To To To To To 

8K. lOK. 12K. 14K. 16K. 18K 20K. 

Dwts. Dwts. Dwts. Dwts. Dwts. Dwts. Dwts. 

$20 Gold Piece 36.550 24.940 17.200 11.675 7.525 4.300 1.720 

$10 Gold Piece 18.275 12.470 8.600 5.838 3.763 2.150 .860 

$5 Gold Piece 9.138 6.235 4.300 2.919 1.881 1.075 .430 

A $20 Gold Piece weighs 516 Grains, or 21.50 dwts. 
A $10 Gold Piece weighs 258 Grains, or 10.75 dwts. 
A $ 5 Gold Piece weighs 129 Grains, or 5.375 dwts. 

U. S. and Canadian gold coins are .900 fine, or 21.60 karats. 

Raising Table for U. S. Money 

To raise a $20 Gold Piece to 22K. add 4.300 dwts. fine gold. 
To raise a $10 Gold Piece to 22K. add 2.150 dwts. fine gold. 
To raise a $ 5 Gold Piece to 22K. add 1.075 dwts. fine gold. 

Gold coins of Great Britain are .916 2^ fine, or 22 karats. 

Fineness of Gold Karats 





IK. 


.0417 


13K. 


.5417 




2K. 


.0833 


14K. 


.5833 


• 


3K. 


.1250 


15K. 


.6250 




4K. 


.1667 


16K. 


.6667 




5K. 


.2083 


17K. 


.7083 




6K. 


.2500 


18K. 


.7500 




7K. 


.2917 


19K. 


.7917 




8K. 


.3333 


20K. 


.8333 




9K. 


.3750 


21K. 


.8750 




lOK. 


.4167 


22K. 


.9167 




UK. 


.4583 


23K. 


.9583 




12K. 


.5000 


24K. 


1.0000 



15 



Alloyed Gold in sheet or wire form 



specific Gravity 



A WORKING knowledge of specific gravities of metal alloys is a great 
help to any jeweler. It enables him to figure the weight-relation- 
ship between different metals or alloys in such a way as to produce 
articles of equal size at a lower expense for the precious metal in them. 

For example, if you are using a formula for 14K, gold that has a specific 
gravity of 13.00 and you have occasion to use a formula having a specific 
gravity of 13.52, an article made up from gold of the heavier specific gravity 
would be heavier than the same article made up from gold of the lighter 
specific gravity, provided the articles were identical in size and gauge. 
To find how much the difference would be, divide the heavier specific 
gravity by the lighter, in this case 13.52 by 13, and the result, 1,04, in- 
dicates that an article in the heavier 14K. gold would be 1.04 times as 
heavy as the same article in the lighter 14 karat. 

It should be borne in mind that the Weight Tables in this book are 
based on the formulas shown on page 19, and in order to use the Com- 
parative and Weight Tables effectively you should figure the specific 
gravity of your own alloys according to the method explained on page 18. 

To compare the weight of your alloy with the one we show, or with 
any metal, divide the specific gravity of the alloy by the specific gravity of 
the metal or alloy with which the comparison is to be made. 

For example, suppose your formula for 14K. gold is: gold 100 parts, 
silver 36 parts, and copper 35 parts. The specific gravity of this alloy 
is 13.64. To compare this with the 14K. yellow gold from which the 



Our refining charges are consistent zvith the character of our service 16 



tables in this book are computed, the specific gravity of which is 13.26, 
divide 13.64 by 13.26. The result, 1.02865, shows the number of times as 
heavy an article of the heavier specific gravity would be than the same 
article of the lighter specific gravity; or, concretely, supposing a piece of 
gold of the lighter specific gravity to weigh 100 dwts., a piece of gold of 
exactly the same gauge and size made from the alloy having the heavier 
specific gravity would weigh 102.865 dwts. Again, supposing your formula 
is: gold 140 parts, silver 33 parts, copper 56.95 parts, and zinc 10.05 
parts. The specific gravity of this alloy is 13.16. The process of compari- 
son is the same in this case, although this formula would produce an alloy 
of a lighter specific gravity than that of the formula used in this book, 
which is 13.26. The only difference is that in dividing 13.16 by 13.26 the 
result is less than 1, or .99246, so that a piece of gold made from an alloy 
having a specific gravity of 13.26, and weighing 100 dwts., would weigh 
only 99.246 dwts. when made from alloy having a specific gravity of 13.16. 
While these examples make use of only 14K. gold, the process is the same 
for any other karat or for any metal. 

It is apparent that if a certain article is made to be sold by the piece 
instead of by the pennyweight, it will be more advantageous for the seller 
to make that article from a formula having as low a specific gravity as it 
is possible to use without affecting the color, for while the article is made 
to the same size from stock the same gauge, the finished product will 
weigh a little less if made from gold of the same karat but of a lower specific 
gravity. The replacing of some of the silver by copper or zinc, or by a 
patent alloy, will lower the specific gravity of alloyed gold, as will the 
replacing of any part of the copper by zinc or a patent alloy. Patent 
alloys generally have a lower specific gravity than pure copper. 



17 "■S-;pp:ial Refined^' silver is .ppQ + fine 



specific Gravity 



A Short Method of Calculating the Specific Gravity 
or Density of an Alloy 

For the purposes of this book a short way of calculating the specific 
gravity of an alloy will be found of practical use. The following table, 
showing the volume in cubic centimeters of one gram of various substances, 
gives at the same time the unvarying relation between the weight of each 
substance and its volume, so that no matter what system of weights is 
used the final results will be the same. 

Fine Gold .051653 Henrich's No. 10 Alloy . . .114940 

Fine Silver 094696 Henrich's No. 12 Alloy . . .116690 

Fine Copper 113250 Henrich's No. 14 Alloy . . .117100 

Zinc 142857 Riverside " Omega" Alloy .118624 

Tin 137174 Wessell's Alloy 118624 

Nickel 112359 Worthington 85 Raymond 

Cadmium 115340 No. 1 119889 

Palladium 084746 Worthington 85 Raymond 

Henrich's No. 1 Alloy . . .116010 No. 2 117980 

Henrich's No. 3 Alloy . . .115870 Worthington 8b Raymond 

Henrich's No. 5 Alloy . . .114160 G. or S. No. 91 118525 

Using the above table the specific gravity of any compound of these 
substances may be found in advance of its mixture by the following rule. 

1. Multiply the weight of each metal used by the figure shown op- 

posite the name of that metal in the table above. 

2. Add the weights of the metals used. 

^ 3. Add the results of the multiplications. 

4. Divide the sum of the weights by the sum of the results of the 

multiplications. The answer will be the specific gravity of the 

mixture. 

For example, to find the specific gravity of 14K. yellow gold, according 

to the formula 583 parts gold, 104 parts silver and 313 parts copper. 

From the rules above we have the following: 

Fine Gold 583 parts by weight X. 05 1653 =30.110 

Fine Silver 104 parts by weight X .094696 = 9.848 

Fine Copper 313 parts by weight X. 113250 =35.447 

Total 1000 75.405 

Dividing 1000 by 75.405, we have 13.26, which is the specific gravity 
of the m^ixture. 



For alloying use ''Special Refined" Silver 18 



specific Gravity 

Basic Formulas for Calculating Specific Gravity of 

Alloys 

The following formulas are those from which the specific gravities 
given in this book have been computed. They are generally heavier than 
alloys in common use in the trade, since there is no allowance made for 
the use of zinc or other metals lighter in density than copper. As there 
are no alloys that could be called standard, it was thought best to be on 
the safe side by making the alloys a trifle heavy rather than have them 
light. 



18K. GREEN GOLD 

Specific Gravity 15.88 

Gold 750 parts 

Silver 219 parts 

Copper 31 parts 

18K. YELLOW GOLD 

Specific Gravity 15.18 

Gold 750 parts 

Silver 62.5 parts 

Copper 187.5 parts 

18K. RED GOLD 

Specific Gravity 14.91 

Gold 750 parts 

Copper 250 parts 

14K. GREEN GOLD 

Specific Gravity 14.17 

Gold 583 parts 

Silver 365 parts 

Copper 52 parts 

14K. YELLOW GOLD 

Specific Gravity 13.26 

Gold 583 parts 

Silver 104 parts 

Copper 313 parts 



14K. RED GOLD 
Specific Gravity 12.93 

Gold 583 parts 

Copper 417 parts 

lOK. YELLOW GOLD 

Specific Gravity 11.78 

Gold 417 parts 

Silver 146 parts 

Copper 437 parts 

lOK. RED GOLD 

Specific Gravity 11.42 

Gold 417 parts 

Copper 583 parts 

SPECIFIC GRAVITIES 

18K. Green Gold 15.88 

18K. Yellow Gold 15.18 

18K. Red Gold 14.91 

14K. Green Gold 14.17 

14K. Yellow Gold 13.26 

14K. Red Gold 12.93 

lOK. Yellow Gold 11.78 

lOK. Red Gold 11.42 

Sterling Silver 10.41 

Brass, wrought 8.40 



19 



We can refine your Platinum Sweeps 



Table of 
Comparative Weights of Equal Volumes 

Brass 

Platinum is 2.563 times heavier than Brass. 

18K. Yellow Gold is 1.807 times heavier than Brass. 

14K. Yellow Gold is 1.579 times heavier than Brass. 

lOK. Yellow Gold is 1.402 times heavier than Brass. 

Sterling Silver is 1.239 times heavier than Brass. 

Copper is 1.051 times heavier than Brass, 

Copper 

Platinum is 2.438 times heavier than Copper. 

18K. Yellow Gold is 1.719 times heavier than Copper. 

14K. Yellow Gold is 1.502 times heavier than Copper. 

lOK. Yellow Gold is 1.334 times heavier than Copper. 

Sterling Silver is 1.179 times heavier than Copper. 

Sterling Silver 

Platinum is 2.068 times heavier than Sterling Silver. 

18K. Yellow Gold is 1.458 times heavier than Sterling Silver. 

14K. Yellow Gold is 1.274 times heavier than Sterling Silver. 

lOK. Yellow Gold is 1.132 times heavier than Sterling Silver. 

Lead 

Platinum is . 1.895 times heavier than Lead. 

18K. Yellow Gold is 1.336 times heavier than Lead. 

14K. Yellow Gold is 1,167 times heavier than Lead. 

lOK. Yellow Gold is 1.037 times heavier than Lead. 

10k Yellow Gold 

Platinum is ... 1.868 times heavier than lOK. Yellow Gold. 

18K. Yellow Gold is. . . 1.289 times heavier than lOK. Yellow Gold. 
14K. Yellow Gold is. . .1.125 times heavier than lOK. Yellow Gold. 

14k Yellow Gold 

Platinum is 1.624 times heavier than 14K. Yellow Gold. 

18K. Yellow Gold is.. .1.145 times heavier than 14K. Yellow Gold. 

18k Yellow Gold 

Platinum is 1.418 timesheavier than 18K. Yellow Gold. 



Note: Karat gold weights based on formulas shown on page 19 



Our Service Department will try to help you 20 



Sheet Tables 

Weight in Pennyweights per Square Inch of Plati- 
num, Fine and 18 Karat Gold in Brown & 
Sharpe Gauges from 1 to 40 



Brown 


Thou- 




24 Karat 


18 Karat 


18 Karat 


18 Karat 


& 


sandths 


Platinum 


.Gold 


Green Gold 


Yellow Gold 


Red Gold 


Sharpe 
No. 


of an 
Inch 












Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


1 


.28930 


65.629 


59.014 


48.406 


46.272 


45.449 


2 


.25763 


58.444 


52.553 


43.107 


41.207 


40.474 


3 


.22942 


52.045 


46.799 


38.387 


36.695 


36.042 


4 


.20431 


46.349 


41.677 


34.185 


32.679 


32.097 


5 


.18194 


41.274 


37.114 


30.442 


29.101 


28.583 


6 


.16202 


36.755 


33.050 


27.109 


25.914 


25.453 


7 


.14428 


32.730 


29.431 


24.141 


23.077 


22.666 


8 


.12849 


29.148 


26.210 


21.499 


20.551 


20.186 


9 


.11443 


25.959 


23.342 


19.146 


18.303 


17.977 


10 


.10189 


23.114 


20.784 


17.048 


16.297 


16.007 


11 


.09074 


20.585 


18.510 


15.183 


14.514 


14.255 


12 


.08080 


18.330 


16.482 


13.519 


12.924 


12.694 


13 


.07196 


16.324 


14.679 


12.040 


11.510 


11.305 


14 


.06408 


14.537 


13.072 


10.722 


10.249 


10.067 


15 


.05706 


12.944 


11.640 


9.547 


9.127 


8.964 


16 


.05082 


11.524 


10.363 


8.500 


8.125 


7.981 


17 


.04525 


10.265 


9.230 


7.571 


7.238 


7.109 


18 


.04030 


9.142 


8.221 


6.743 


6.446 


6.331 


19 


.03589 


8.142 


7.321 


6.005 


5.740 


5.638 


20 


.03196 


7.250 


6.519 


5.347 


5.112 


5.021 


21 


.02846 


6.456 


5.805 


4.762 


4.552 


4.471 


22 


.02534 


5.748 


5.169 


4.240 


4.053 


3.981 


23 


.02257 


5.120 


4.604 


3.776 


3.610 


3.546 


24 


.02010 


4.560 


4.100 


3.363 


3.215 


3.158 


25 


.01790 


4.061 


3.651 


2.995 


2.863 


2.812 


26 


.01594 


3.616 


3.252 


2.667 


2.550 


2.504 


27' 


.01419 


3.219 


2.895 


2.374 


2.270 


2.229 


28 


.01264 


2.867 


2.578 


2.115 


2.022 


1.986 


29 


.01125 


2.552 


2.295 ' 


1.882 


1.799 


1.767 


30 


.01002 


2.273 


2.044 


1.677 


1.603 


1574 


31 


.00892 


2.024 


1.820 


1.492 


1.427 


1.401 


32 


.00795 


1.803 


1.622 


1.330 


1.272 


1.249 


33 


.00708 


1.606 


1.444 


1.185 


1.132 


1.112 


34 


.00630 


1.429 


1.285 


1.054 


1.008 


.990 


35 


.00561 


1.273 


1.144 


.939 


.897 


.881 


36 


.00500 


1.134 


1.020 


.837 


.800 


.786 


37 


.00445 


1.010 


.908 


.745 


.712 


.699 


38 


.00396 


.898 


.808 


.663 


.633 


.622 


39 


.00353 


.801 


.720 


.591 


.565 


.555 


40 


.00314 


.712 


.641 


.525 


.502 


.493 



Note : Karat gold weights based on formulas shown on page 19 



21 



Prompt and accurate returns on your Sweeps 



Sheet Tables 

Weight in Pennyweights per Square Inch of 14 and 

10 Karat Gold in Brown & Sharpe Gauges 

from 1 to 40 



Brown 

8s 

Sharpe 

No. 


Thou- 
sandths 
of an 
Inch 


14 Karat 


14 Karat 


14 Karat 


10 Karat 


10 Karat 


Green Gold 


Yellow Gold 


Red Gold 


Yellow Gold 


Red Gold 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


1 


.28930 


43.194 


40.419 


39.414 


35.908 


34.811 


2 


.25763 


38.465 


35.995 


35.099 


31.977 


31.000 


3 


.22942 


34.253 


32.053 


31.256 


28.476 


27.606 


4 


.20431 


30.504 


28.545 


27.835 


25.359 


24.584 


5 


.18194 


27.164 


25.420 


24.787 


22.582 


21.892 


6 


16202 


24.190 


22.636 


22.073 


20.110 


19.496 


7 


.14428 


21.542 


20.158 


19.656 


17.908 


17.361 


8 


.12849 


19.184 


17.952 


17.505 


15.948 


15.461 


9 


.11443 


17.085 


15.987 


15.590 


14.203 


13.769 


10 


.10189 


15.212 


14.235 


13.881 


12.647 


12.260 


11 


.09074 


13.548 


12.678 


12.362 


11.263 


10.919 


12 


.08080 


12.064 


11.289 


11.008 


10.029 


9.723 


13 


.07196 


10.744 


10.054 


9.804 


8.932 


8.659 


14 


.06408 


9.567 


8.953 


8.730 


7.954 


7.711 


15 


.05706 


8.519 


7.972 


7.774 


7.082 


6.866 


16 


.05082 


7.585 


7.097 


6.921 


6.305 


6.113 


17 


.04525 


6.756 


6.322 


6.165 


5.616 


5.445 


18 


.04030 


6.017 


5.630 


5.490 


5.002 


4.849 


19 


.03589 


5.359 


5.014 


4.890 


4.455 


4.319 


20 


.03196 


4.772 


4.465 


4.354 


3.967 


3.846 


21 


.02846 


4.249 


3.976 


3.877 


3.532 


3.425 


22 


.02534 


3.783 


3.540 


3.452 


3.145 


3.049 


23 


.02257 


3.370 


3.153 


3.075 


2.801 


2.716 


24 


.02010 


3.001 


2.808 


2.738 


2.495 


2.419 


25 ^ 


.01790 


2.673 


2.501 


2.439 


2.222 


2.154 


26 


.01594 


2.380 


2.227 


2.172 


1.978 


1.918 


27 


.01419 


2.119 


1.983 


1.933 


1.761 


1.707 


28 


.01264 


1.887 


1.766 


1.722 


1.569 


1.521 


29 


.01125 


1.680 


1.572 


1.533 


1.396 


1.354 


30 


.01002 


1.496 


1.400 


1.365 


1.244 


1.206 


31 


.00892 


1.332 


1.246 


1.215 


1.107 


1.073 


32 


.00795 


1.187 


1.111 


1.083 


.987 


.957 


33 


.00708 


1.057 


.989 


.965 


.879 


.852 


34 


.00630 


.941 


.880 


.858 


.782 


.758 


35 


.00561 


.837 


.784 


.764 


.696 


.675 


36 


.00500 


.747 


.699 


.681 


.621 


.602 


37 


.00445 


.664 


.622 


.606 


.552 


.535 


38 


.00396 


.591 


.553 


.540 


.492 


.476 


39 


.00353 


.527 


.493 


.481 


.438 


.425 


40 


.00314 


.469 


.439 


.428 


.390 


.378 



Note: Karat gold weights based on formulas shown on page 19 



It will pay you to use ''Special Refined'' Silver for alloying 



22 



Unit Sheet Table 

Weight of a Square Inch of Metals Shown One 
Thousandth of an Inch Thick 



Platinum 

24K. Gold 

18K. Gold, Green. 
18K. Gold, Yellow 
18K. Gold, Red . . 
14K. Gold, Green . 
14K. Gold, Yellow 
14K. Gold, Red . . 
lOK. Gold, Yellow 
lOK. Gold, Red . . 

Fine Silver 

Sterling Silver .... 

Fine Copper 

Brass, wrought. . . 



sq. 
sq. 
sq. 
sq. 
sq. 
sq. 
sq. 
sq, 
sq, 
sq, 
sq, 
sq 
sq 
sq 



x.ooi 

X.OOl 
X.OOI 
X.OOl 
X.OOl 
X.OOl 
X.OOl 
X.OOl 
X.OOl 
X.OOl 
X.OOl 
X.OOl 
X.OOl 
X.OOl 



weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 



Ounces 
Troy 

.0113427 or 
.0101994 or 
.0083660 or 
.0079973 or 
.0078550 or 
.0074652 or 
.0069857 or 
.0068119 or 
.0062060 or 
.0060164 or 
.0055637 or 
.0054843 or 
.0046519 or 
.0044254 or 



Dwts. 
Troy 

.226854 
.203988 
.167320 
.159946 
.157100 
.149304 
.139714 
.136238 
.124120 
.120328 
.111274 
.109686 
.093038 
.088508 



To find the weight of a piece of any of the above metals of any given 
size and thickness, multiply the weight of one square inch of the metal 
.001 inches thick, as shown above, by the decimal thickness desired, and 
then multiply this product by the number of square inches in the given 
piece. The result will be the troy weight of the piece. For example: 
Required the weight of a piece of 14K. yellow gold 3"X4" gauge .020. 
From the table, one square inch of 14K. yellow gold .001 or one thousandth 
of an inch thick weighs .139714 dwt., therefore 1 square inch .020 or 20 
thousandths would weigh twenty times .139714, or 2.79428 dwt., and 
since there are 3X4 or 12 square inches in the piece, the total weight 
would be 12X2.79428 dwt., or 33.53 dwt. 



23 



Note: Karat gold weights based on formulas shown on page 19 

The quality of ''Special Refined'' Silver NEVER varies 



Unit Wire Table 

Weight of Round Wire in Dwts. 



Square wire is 
gauge. 



1.27324 times as heavy as round wire of the same 



1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 
1 foot 



of round Platinum Wire .001" 

of round 24K. Gold Wire .001" 

of round 18K. Green Gold Wire .001" 

of round 18K. Yellow Gold Wire .001" 

of round 18K. Red Gold Wire .001" 

of round 14K. Green Gold Wire .001" 

of round 14K. Yellow Gold Wire .001" 

of round 14K. Red Gold Wire .001" 

of round lOK. Yellow Gold Wire .001" 

of round lOK. Red Gold Wire .001" 

of round Fine Silver Wire .001" 

of round Sterling Silver Wire .001" 

of round Copper Wire .001" 



n diameter, 
n diameter, 
n diameter, 
n diameter, 
n diameter, 
in diameter, 
n diameter, 
n diameter, 
n diameter, 
n diameter, 
n diameter, 
n diameter, 
n diameter, 



weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 
weighs 



Dwts. 
.002138 
.001923 
.001577 
.001507 
.001481 
.001407 
.001317 
.001284 
.001170 
.001134 
.001049 
.001034 
.000877 



How to Use the Wire Tables 

Take the number of thousandths in the diameter of the wire whose 
weight you wish to determine, square that figure, (multiply it by itself) 
and multiply the product by the weight of 1 ft. of wire of the correspond- 
ing metal shown in the above table. The result will be the weight of 
one foot of the wire. To find the weight of the entire piece multiply the 
weight of one foot by the number of feet in the piece. 

Example : To find weight of 5 ft . of round platinum wire . 2 diameter . 

20X20=400 
Platinum wire weighs .002138 dwts. (See table.) 
400 X. 002138 = .8552 dwts., the weight of 1 foot multiplied by 50 = 
42.760 dwts., the weight of the piece. 

For square wire the process is the same. 



Note : Karat gold weights based on formulas shown on page 19 



Try US on a lot of your Sweeps, etc. 



24 



Wire Tables 

Weight per linear foot of round wire of Platinum, 

Fine and 18 Karat Gold in Brown & 

Sharpe Gauges from 1 to 40 

Square wire is 1.27324 times as heavy as round wire of the same gauge 



Brown 


Thou- 




24 Karat 


18 Karat 


18 Karat 


18 Karat 


& 


sandths 


Platinum 


Gold 


Green Gold 


Yellow Gold 


Red Gold 


Sharpe 


of an 






















No. 


Inch 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


1 


.289o0 


178.9406 


160.9052 


131.9812 


126.1639 


123.9199 


2 


.25763 


141.9078 


127.6050 


104.6669 


100.0535 


98.2740 


3 


.22942 


112.5312 


101.1892 


82.9996 


79.3412 


77.9301 


4 


.20431 


89.2458 


80.2508 


65.8250 


62.9236 


61.8045 


5 


.18194 


70.7732 


63.6400 


52.2002 


49.8994 


49.0119 


6 


.16202 


56.1234 


50.4668 


41.3949 


39.5704 


38.8666 


7 


.14428 


44.5074 


40.0214 


32.8273 


31.3804 


30.8223 


8 


.12849 


35.2990 


31.7412 


26.0355 


24.8879 


24.4453 


9 


.11443 


27.9954 


25.1738 


20.6486 


19.7384 


19.3874 


10 


.10189 


22.1970 


19.9598 


16.3718 


15.6502 


15.3719 


11 


.09074 


17.6039 


15.8296 


12.9841 


12.4118 


12.1911 


12 


.08080 


13.9584 


12.5515 


10.2953 


9.8415 


9.6665 


13 


.07196 


11.0712 


9.9553 


8.1658 


7.8059 


7.6670 


14 


.06408 


8.7792 


7.8943 


6.4753 


6.1899 


6.0798 


15 


.05706 


6.9610 


6.2594 


5.1342 


4.9079 


4.8206 


16 


.05082 


5.5217 


4.9651 


4.0726 


3.8931 


3.8239 


17 


.04525 


4.3778 


3.9366 


3.2289 


3.0866 


3.0317 


18 


.04030 


3.4724 


3.1224 


2.5611 


2.4483 


2.4047 


19 


.03589 


2.7540 


2.4764 


2.0313 


1.9417 


1.9072 


20 


.03196 


2.1838 


1.9637 


1.6107 


1.5397 


1.5123 


21 


.02846 


1.7318 


1.5573 


1.2773 


1.2210 


1.1993 


22 


.02534 


1.3728 


1.2345 


1.0125 


.9679 


.9507 


23 


.02257 


1.0891 


.9793 


.8033 


.7679 


.7542 


24 


.02010 


.86376 


.7767 


.6371 


.6090 


.5982 


25 


.01790 


.68502 


.6160 


.5053 


.4830 


.4744 


26 


.01594 


.54328 


.4885 


.4007 


.3830 


.3762 


27 


.01419 


.43060 


.3872 


.3176 


.3036 


.2982 


28 


.01264 


.34166 


.3072 


.2520 


.2409 


.2366 


29 


.01125 


.27068 


.2434 


.1996 


.1908 


.1875 


30 


.01002 


.21466 


.1930 


.1583 


.1513 


.1487 


31 


.00892 


.17018 


.1530 


.1255 


.1200 


.1179 


32 


.00795 


.13512 


.1215 


.0997 


.0953 


.0936 


33 


.00708 


.10712 


.0963 


.0790 


.0755 


.0742 


34 


.00630 


.08488 


.0763 


.0626 


.0598 


.0588 


35 


.00561 


.06734 


.0606 


.0497 


.0475 


.0466 


36 


.00500 


.05346 


.0481 


.0394 


.0377 


.0370 


37 


.00445 


.04234 


.0381 


.0312 


.0299 


.0293 


38 


.00396 


.03356 


.0302 


.0248 


.0237 


.0232 


39 


.00353 


.02664 


.0240 


.0196 


.0188 


.0184 


40 


.00314 


.02108 


.0190 


.0155 


.0149 


.0146 



I Note: Karat gold weights based on formulas shown on page 19 

25 "Special Refined'' — the purest silver you can buy for alloying 



Wire Tables 

Weight per linear foot of round wire of 14 and 10 

Karat Gold in Brown & Sharpe Gauges 

from 1 to 40 

Square wire is 1.27324 times as heavy as round wire of the same gauge 



Brown 


Thou- 


14 Karat 


14 Karat 


14 Karat 


10 Karat 


10 Karat 


& 


sandths 
of an 
Inch 


Green Gold 


Yellow Gold 


Red Gold 


Yellow Gold 


Red Gold 


Sharpe 
No. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


Dwts. 


1 


.28930 


117.7698 


110.2059 


107.4628 


97.9056 


94.9137 


2 


.25763 


93.3966 


87.3982 


85.2227 


77.6434 


75.2707 


3 


.22942 


74.0624 


69.3057 


67.5806 


61.5703 


59.6888 


4 


.20431 


58.7371 


54.9647 


53.5966 


48.8299 


47.3378 


5 


.18194 


46.5794 


43.5878 


42.5028 


38.7228 


37.5395 


6 


.16202 


36.9376 


34.5653 


33.7049 


30.7074 


29.7690 


7 


.14428 


29.2925 


27.4112 


26.7289 


24.3518 


23.6076 


8 


.12849 


23.2320 


21.7399 


21.1988 


19.3135 


18.7233 


9 


.11443 


18.4252 


17.2418 


16.8126 


15.3174 


14.8493 


10 


.10189 


14.6090 


13.6707 


13.3304 


12.1449 


11.7737 


11 


.09074 


11.5860 


10.8419 


10.5720 


9.6318 


9.3375 


12 


.08080 


9.1867 


8.5967 


8.3827 


7.6372 


7.4038 


13 


.07196 


7.2865 


6.8185 


6.6488 


6.0575 


5.8724 


14 


.06408 


5.7780 


5.4069 


5.2723 


4.8035 


4.6567 


15 


.05706 


4.5814 


4.2871 


4.1804 


3.8086 


3.6923 


16 


.05082 


3.6341 


3.4007 


3.3161 


3.0211 


2.9288 


17 


.04525 


2.8812 


2.6962 


2.6291 


2.3953 


2.3221 


18 


.04030 


2.2854 


2.1386 


2.0853 


1.8999 


1.8418 


19 


.03589 


1.8125 


1.6961 


1.6539 


1.5068 


1.4608 


20 


.03196 


1.4373 


1.3450 


1.3115 


1.1948 


1.1583 


21 


.02846 


1.1398 


1.0666 


1.0400 


.9475 


.9186 


22 


.02534 


.9035 


.8455 


.8244 


.7511 


.7282 


23 


.02257 


.7168 


.6708 


.6541 


.5959 


.5777 


24 


.02010 


.5685 


.5320 


.5187 


.4726 


.4582 


25 


.01790 


.4508 


.4219 


.4114 


.3748 


.3633 


26 


.01594 


.3576 


.3346 


.3263 


.2973 


.2882 


27 


.01419 


.2834 


.2652 


.2586 


.2356 


.2284 


28 


.01264 


.2249 


.2104 


.2052 


.1869 


.1812 


29 


.01125 


.1781 


.1667 


.1626 


.1481 


.1436 


30 


.01002 


.1413 


.1322 


.1289 


.1174 


.1139 


31 


.00892 


.1120 


.1048 


.1022 


.0931 


.0903 


32 


.00795 


.0889 


.0832 


.0811 


.0739 


.0717 


33 


.00708 


.0705 


.0660 


.0643 


.0586 


.0568 


34 


.00630 


.0559 


.0523 


.0510 


.0464 


.0450 


35 


.00561 


.0443 


.0415 


.0404 


.0368 


.0357 


36 


.00500 


.0352 


.0329 


.0321 


.0293 


.0284 


37 


.00445 


.0279 


.0261 


.0254 


.0232 


.0225 


38 


.00396 


.0221 


.0207 


.0202 


.0184 


.0178 


39 


.00353 


.0175 


.0164 


.0160 


.0146 


.0141 


40 


.00314 


.0139 


.0130 


.0127 


.0115 


.0112 


Note 


: Karat 


gold weights 


based on fort 


nulas shown 


on page 19 





Platinum in your Sweeps f Send them to us 



26 



Miscellaneous Information 



The circumference of a circle is the diameter multipHed by 3.1416. 

The diameter of a circle is the circumference multiplied by .31831. 

The area of a circle is the diameter squared, multiplied by .7854. 

The area of an oval is the longest diameter multiplied by the shortest, 
multiplied by .7854. 

A circle is .7854 times as heavy as a square of the same diameter; that 
is, the loss in cutting a circle from a sqaure is .2146 per cent of the weight 
of the square. 

Fine silver is 1.0144 times as heavy as sterling silver. 

Sterling silver is .9858 times as heavy as fine silver. 

1 gram weighs 0.03527 ozs. avoirdupois. 

1 gram weighs 0.03215 ozs. troy. 

1 oz. avoirdupois weighs 28.3495 grams. 

1 oz. troy weighs 31.10348 grams. 

1 gram weighs 15.4324 grains. 

1 grain weighs 0.0648 grams. 

1 kilogram weighs 32.15076 ozs. troy. 

1 kilogram weighs 2.20462 lbs. avoirdupois. 

1 ligne equals 2.256 millimeters. 

1 ligne equals .0888 inches. 

Easy silver solder is .667 fine. 

Medium silver solder is .750 fine. 

Hard silver solder is .800 fine. 

Coin silver is .900 fine. 



27 ''Special Refined'' silver is refined especially for alloying 



Comparison of Pure Platinum with 
Iridium-Platinum 

5% Iridium-Platinum is 1.00195 times as heavy as Pure Platinum. 
10% Iridium-Platinum is 1.00390 times as heavy as Pure Platinum. 
15% Iridium-Platinum is 1.00585 times as heavy as Pure Platinum. 
20% Iridium-Platinum is 1.00780 times as heavy as Pure Platinum. 
25% Iridium-Platinum is 1.00980 times as heavy as Pure Platinum. 
30% Iridium-Platinum is 1.01175 times as heavy as Pure Platinum. 

Densities and Melting Points of Metals 





Meltin 


g Melting 




Metal 


Point 


Point 


Specific 




Fahrenh 


eit Centigrade 


Gravity 


Tin 


450 de 


g. 232 deg. 


7.29 


Bismuth 


518 ' 


270 " 


9.80 


Cadmium 


610 • 


321 " 


8.67 


Lead 


621 ' 
786 ' 


327 " 
419 " 


11.36 


Zinc 


7.00 


Antimony 


1166 ' 


630 " 


6.70 


Aluminum 


1216 ' 


658 " 


2.67 


Silver 


1762 ' 


961 " 


10.56 


Gold 


1945 ' 


1063 " 


19.36 


Copper 


1981 ' 


1083 " 


8.83 


Manganese 


2237 ' 


1225 " 


7.39 


Nickel 


2642 ' 
2714 • 


1450 " 
1490 " 


8.90 


Cobalt 


8.70 


Chromium 


2741 ' 


1505 " 


6.50 


Iron, pure 


2768 ' 


1520 •' 


7.86 


Palladium 


2822 ' 
3191 ' 
3488 ' 
4307 ' 


1550 " 
1755 " 
1920 " 
2375 " 


11.80 


Platinum . . . 


21.53 


Rhodium 


12.10 


Iridium 


22.40 



Approximate Temperatures by Color 

Fahrenheit 

First visible red 977 deg. 

Dull red 1292 

Cherry red 1652 

Dull orange 2012 

White 2372 

Dazzling white , . . .2732 

Degrees Centigrade X 1.8 + 32 = Degrees Fahrenheit 

Degrees Fahrenheit — 32 yv /->*.- j 

— 5 = Degrees Centigrade. 

1.8 



Centigrade 
525 deg. 
700 
900 

1100 

1300 

1500 



Our Service Department would like to try to help you 28 





Sterling 


Sheet Table 






Weight 


per foot of Sterling Silver 






from 1 


inch 


to 7 


inches wide 




Brown 


Thou- 
















8b sandths 


I'xl" 


I'x 2" 


I'x 3" 


I'x 4" 


I'x 5" 


I'x 6" 


I'x 7" 


Sharps 


i_ri cux 
















Gauge 


inch 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


1 


28930 


19.25 


38.55 


57.80 


77.05 


96.35 


115.60 


134.85 


2 


25763 


17.15 


34.25 


51.40 


68.55 


85.65 


102.80 


119.95 


3 


22942 


15.25 


30.55 


45.80 


61.05 


76.35 


91.60 


106.85 


4 


20431 


13.60 


27.20 


40.80 


54.40 


68.00 


81.60 


95.20 


5 


18194 


12.15 


24.25 


36.40 


48.55 


60.65 


72.80 


84.95 


6 


16202 


10.80 


21.60 


32.40 


43.20 


54.00 


64.80 


75.60 


7 


14428 


9.60 


19.20 


28.80 


38.40 


48.00 


57.60 


67.20 


8 


12849 


8.55 


17.05 


25.60 


34.15 


42.65 


51.20 


59.75 


9 


11443 


7.60 


15.20 


22.80 


30.40 


38.00 


45.60 


53.20 


10 


10189 


6.80 


13.60 


20.40 


27.20 


34.00 


40.80 


47.60 


11 


09074 


6.00 


12.00 


18.00 


24.00 


30.00 


36.00 


42.00 


12 


08080 


5.35 


10.65 


16.00 


21.35 


26.65 


32.00 


37.35 


13 


07196 


4.75 


9.45 


14.20 


18.95 


23.65 


28.40 


33.15 


14 


06408 


4.25 


8.55 


12.80 


17.05 


21.35 


25.60 


29.90 


15 


05706 


3.80 


7.60 


11.40 


15.20 


19.00 


22.80 


26.60 


16 


05082 


3.40 


6.80 


10.20 


13.60 


17.00 


20.40 


23.80 


17 


04525 


3.00 


6.00 


9.00 


12.00 


15.00 


18.00 


21.00 


18 


04030 


2.65 


5.35 


8.00 


10.65 


13.35 


16.00 


18.65 


19 


03589 


2.40 


4.80 


7.20 


9.60 


12.00 


14.40 


16.80 


20 


03196 


2.15 


4.25 


6.40 


8.55 


10.65 


12.80 


14.95 


21 


.02846 


1.85 


3.75 


5.60 


7.45 


9.35 


11.20 


13.05 


22 


.02534 


1.65 


3.35 


5.00 


6.65 


8.35 


10.00 


11.65 


23 


.02257 


1.50 


3.00 


4.50 


6.00 


7.50 


9.00 


10.50 


24 


.02010 


1.35 


2.65 


4.00 


5.35 


6.65 


8.00 


9.35 


25 


.01790 


1.20 


2.40 


3.60 


4.80 


6.00 


7.20 


8.40 


26 


.01594 


1.05 


2.15 


3.20 


4.25 


5.35 


6.40 


7.45 


27 


.01419 


.95 


1.85 


2.80 


3.75 


4.65 


5.80 


6.55 


28 


.01264 


.85 


1.65 


2.50 


3.35 


4.15 


5.00 


5.85 


29 


.01125 


.75 


1.45 


2.20 


2.95 


3.65 


4.40 


5.15 


30 


.01002 


.65 


1.35 


2.00 


2.65 


3.35 


4.00 


4.65 


31 


.00892 


.60 


1.20 


1.80 


2.40 


3.00 


3.60 


4.20 


32 


.00795 


.55 


1.05 


1.60 


2.15 


2.65 


3.20 


3.75 


33 


.00708 


.45 


.95 


1.40 


1.85 


2.35 


2.80 


3.25 


34 


.00630 


.42 


.83 


1.25 


1.67 


2.08 


2.50 


2.92 


35 


.00561 


.36 


.67 


1.10 


1.47 


1.83 


2.20 


2.57 


36 


.00500 


.33 


66 


1.00 


1.33 


1.66 


2.00 


2.33 



29 



Our Sterling Silver has a reputation 





1 


Sterling 


Sheet Table 






Weight per foot of Sterling Silver 








from 8 inches to 14 inches wide 




Brown 


Thou- 
















& 


sandths 


l'x8" 


l'x9" 


I'x 10" 


I'xll" 


I'x 12" 


I'x 13" 


I'x 14" 


Sharpe 
Gauge 


nf ati 
















KJm. CUl 

inch 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


1 


.28930 


154.15 


173.40 


192.65 


211.95 


231.20 


250.60 


269.75 


2 


.25763 


137.05 


154.20 


171.35 


188.45 


205.60 


222.75 


239.85 


3 


.22942 


122.15 


137.40 


150.65 


165.95 


183.20 


198.45 


213.75 


4 


.20431 


108.80 


122.40 


136.00 


149.60 


163.20 


176.80 


190.40 


5 


.18194 


97.05 


109.20 


121.35 


133.45 


145.60 


157.75 


169.85 


6 


.16202 


86.40 


97.20 


108.00 


118.80 


129.60 


140.40 


151.20 


7 


.14428 


76.80 


86.40 


96.00 


105.60 


115.20 


124.80 


134.40 


8 


.12849 


68.55 


76.80 


85.35 


93.85 


102.40 


110.95 


119.45 


9 


.11443 


60.80 


68.40 


76.00 


83.60 


91.20 


98.80 


106.40 


10 


.10189 


54.40 


61.20 


68.00 


74.80 


81.60 


88.40 


95.20 


11 


.09074 


48.00 


54.00 


60.00 


66.00 


72.00 


78.00 


84.00 


12 


.08080 


42.65 


48.00 


53.35 


58.65 


64.00 


69.35 


74.65 


13 


.07196 


37.85 


42.60 


47.35 


52.05 


56.80 


61.55 


66.25 


14 


.06408 


34.15 


38.40 


42.65 


46.95 


51.20 


55.45 


59.75 


15 


.05706 


30.40 


34.20 


38.00 


41.80 


45.60 


49.40 


53.20 


16 


.05082 


27.20 


30.60 


34.00 


37.40 


40.80 


44.20 


47.60 


17 


.04525 


24.00 


27.00 


30.00 


33.00 


36.00 


39.00 


42.00 


18 


.04030 


21.35 


24.00 


26.65 


29.35 


32.00 


34.65 


37.35 


19 


.03589 


18.20 


21.60 


24.00 


26.40 


28.80 


31.20 


33.60 


20 


.03196 


17.05 


19.20 


21.35 


23.45 


25.60 


27.75 


29.85 


21 


.02846 


14.95 


16.80 


18.65 


20.55 


22.40 


24.25 


26.15 


22 


.02534 


13.35 


15.00 


16.65 


18.35 


20.00 


21.65 


23.35 


23 


.02257 


12.00 


13.50 


15.00 


16.50 


18.00 


19.50 


21.00 


24 


.02010 


10.65 


12.00 


13.35 


14.65 


16.00 


17.35 


18.65 


25 


.01790 


9.60 


10.80 


12.00 


13.20 


14.40 


15.60 


16.80 


26 


.01594 


8.55 


9.60 


10.65 


11.75 


12.80 


13.85 


14.95 


27 


.01419 


7.45 


8.40 


9.35 


10.25 


11.20 


12.15 


13.05 


28 


.01264 


6.65 


7.50 


8.35 


9.15 


10.00 


10.85 


11.65 


29 


.01125 


5.85 


6.60 


7.25 


8.05 


8.80 


9.55 


10.25 


30 


.01002 


5.35 


6.00 


6.65 


7.35 


8.00 


8.65 


9.35 


31 


.00892 


4.80 


5.40 


6.00 


6.60 


7.20 


7.80 


8.40 


32 


.00795 


4.25 


4.80 


5.35 


5.85 


6.40 


6.95 


7.45 


33 


.00708 


3.75 


4.20 


4.65 


5.15 


5.60 


6.05 


6.55 


34 


.00630 


3.33 


3.75 


4.17 


4.58 


5.00 


5.42 


5.83 


35 


.00561 


2.93 


3.30 


3.67 


4.03 


4.40 


4.77 


5.13 


36 


.00500 


2.66 


3.00 


3.33 


3.66 


4.00 


4.33 


4.66 



Our Sterling Silver is .p2/ fine — ALWAYS 



30 





Sterling 


Sheet 


Table 






Weight per foot of Sterling Silver 






from 15 inches to 20 inches wide 




Brown 

& 
Sharpe 
Gauge 


Thousandths 
of an inch 


I'x 15" 


I'x 16" 


I'x 17" 


I'x 18" 


I'x 19" 


I'x 20" 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


1 


.28930 


289.00 


308.25 


327.55 


346.80 


366.05 


385.35 


2 


.25763 


257.00 


274.15 


291.25 


308.40 


325.55 


342.65 


3 


.22942 


229.00 


244.25 


259.55 


274.80 


290.05 


305.35 


4 


.20431 


204.00 


217.60 


231.20 


244.80 


258.40 


272.00 


5 


.18194 


182.00 


194.15 


206.25 


218.40 


230.55 


242.65 


6 


.16202 


162.00 


172.80 


183.60 


194.40 


205.20 


216.00 


7 


.14428 


144.00 


153.60 


163.20 


172.80 


182.40 


192.00 


8 


.12849 


128.00 


136.55 


145.05 


153.60 


162.15 


170.65 


9 


.11443 


114.00 


121.60 


129.20 


136.80 


144.40 


152.00 


10 


.10189 


102.00 


108.80 


115.60 


122.40 


129.20 


136.00 


11 


.09074 


90.00 


96.00 


102.00 


108.00 


114.00 


120.00 


12 


.08080 


80.00 


85.35 


90.65 


96.00 


101.35 


106.65 


13 


.07196 


71.00 


75.75 


80.45 


85.20 


89.95 


94.65 


14 


.06408 


64.00 


68.25 


72.55 


76.80 


81.05 


85.35 


15 


.05706 


57.00 


60.80 


64.60 


68.40 


72.20 


76.00 


16 


.05082 


51.00 


54.40 


57.80 


61.20 


64.60 


68.00 


17 


.04525 


45.00 


48.00 


51.00 


54.00 


57.00 


60.00 


18 


.04030 


40.00 


42.65 


45.35 


48.00 


50.65 


53.35 


19 


.03589 


36.00 


38.40 


40.80 


43.20 


45.60 


48.00 


20 


.03196 


32.00 


34.15 


36.25 


38.40 


40.55 


42.65 


21 


.02846 


28.00 


29.85 


31.75 


33.60 


35.45 


37.35 


22 


.02534 


25.00 


26.65 


28.35 


30.00 


31.65 


33.35 


23 


.02257 


22.50 


24.00 


25.50 


27.00 


28.50 


30.00 


24 


.02010 


20.00 


21.35 


22.65 


24.00 


25.35 


26.65 


25 


.01790 


18.00 


19.20 


20.40 


21.60 


22.80 


24.00 


26 


.01594 


16.00 


17.05 


18.15 


19.20 


20.25 


21.35 


27 


.01419 


14.00 


14.95 


15.85 


16.80 


17.75 


18.65 


28 


.01264 


12.50 


13.35 


14.15 


15.00 


15.85 


16.65 


29 


.01125 


11.00 


11.75 


12.45 


13.20 


13.95 


14.65 


30 


.01002 


10.00 


10.65 


11.35 


12.00 


12.65 


13.35 


31 


.00892 


9.00 


9.60 


10.20 


10.80 


11.40 


12.00 


32 


.00795 


8.00 


8.55 


9.05 


9.60 


10.15 


10.65 


33 


.00708 


7.00 


7.45 


7.95 


8.40 


8.85 


9.35 


34 


.00630 


6.25 


6.67 


7.08 


7.50 


7.92 


8.33 


35 


.00561 


5.50 


5.87 


6.23 


6.60 


6.97 


7.33 


36 


.00500 


5.00 


5.33 


5.66 


6.00 


6.33 


6.66 



31 We try to make perfect Sterling — We usually succeed 



Silver Sheet and Wire 



Weight per square inch of Sterling and 
Fine Silver Sheet, Brown and Sharpe 
Gauges 1 to 40. 



to 40. 

Brown 

& Thousandths 
Sharpe of an inch 



Sterling 
Silver 



Fine 
Silver 



No. 




Ozs. 


Ozs. 


1 


.28930 


1.5866 


1.6096 


2 


.25763 


1.4129 


1.4334 


3 


.22942 


1.2582 


1.2764 


4 


.20431 


1.1205 


1.1367 


5 


.18194 


.9978 


1.0123 


6 


.16202 


.8886 


.9014 


7 


.14428 


.7913 


.8027 


8 


.12849 


.7047 


.7149 


9 


.11443 


.6276 


.6367 


10 


.10189 


.5588 


.5669 


11 


.09074 


.4976 


.5049 


12 


.08080 


.4431 


.4495 


13 


.07196 


.3947 


.4004 


14 


.06408 


.3514 


.3565 


15 


.05706 


.3129 


.3175 


15 


.05082 


.2786 


.2826 


17 


.04525 


.2482 


.2518 


18 


.04030 


.2210 


.2242. 


19 


.03589 


.1968 


.1997 


20 


.03196 


.1753 


.1778 


21 


.02846 


.1561 


.1583 


22 


.02534 


.1390 


.1410 


23 


.02257 


.1238 


.1256 


24 


.02010 


.1102 


.1118 


25 


.01790 


.0982 


.0996 


26 


.01594 


.0874 


.0887 


27 


.01419 


.0778 


.0789 


28 


.01264 


.0693 


.0703 


29 


.01125 


.0617 


.0626 


30 


.01002 


.0550 


.0557 


31 


.00892 


.0489 


.0496 


32 


.00795 


.0436 


.0442 


33 


.00708 


.0388 


.0394 


34 


.00630 


.0346 


.0351 


35 


.00561 


.0308 


.0312 


36 


.00500 


.0274 


.0278 


37 


.00445 


.0244 


.0248 


38 


.00396 


.0217 


.0220 


39 


.00353 


.0194 


.0196 


40 


.00314 


.0172 


.0175 



Weight per linear foot of Sterling and 
Fine Silver round Wire, Brown and 
Sharpe Gauges 1 to 40. 

Brown 

8s Thousandths Sterling Fine 

Sharpe of an inch Silver Silver 



No. 




Ozs. 


Ozs. 


1 


.28930 


4.3260 


4.3883 


2 


.25763 


3.4307 


3.4801 


3 


.22942 


2.7205 


2.7597 


4 


.20431 


2.1576 


2.1886 


5 


.18194 


1.7110 


1.7356 


6 


.16202 


1.3568 


1.3763 


7 


.14428 


1.0760 


1.0915 


8 


.12849 


.8534 


.8657 


9 


.11443 


.6768 


.6866 


10 


.10189 


.5366 


.5444 


11 


.09074 


.4256 


.4317 


12 


.08080 


.3375 


.3423 


13 


.07196 


.2677 


.2715 


14 


.06408 


.2122 / 


.2153 


15 


.05706 


.1683 


.1707 


16 


.05082 


.1335 


.1354 


17 


.04525 


.1058 


.1074 


18 


.04030 


.0840 


.0852 


19 


.03589 


.0666 


.0675 • 


20 


.03196 


.0528 


.0536 


21 


.02846 


.0419 


.0425 


22 


.02534 


.0332 


.0337 


23 


.02257 


.0263 


.0267 


24 


.02010 


.0209 


.0212 


25 


.01790 


.0166 


.0168 


26 


.01594 


.0131 


.0133 


27 


.01419 


.0104 


.0106 


28 


.01264 


.00826 


.00838 


29 


.01125 


.00654 


.00664 


30 


.01002 


.00519 


.00526 


31 


.00892 


.00411 


.00417 


32 


.00795 


.00327 


.00331 


33 


.00708 


.00259 


.00263 


34 


.00630 


.00205 


.00208 


35 


.00561 


.00163 


.00165 


36 


.00500 


.00129 


.00131 


37 


.00445 


.00102 


.00104 


38 


.00396 


.00081 


.00082 


39 


.00353 


.00064 


.00065 


40 


.00314 


.00051 


.00052 



Sterling and Fine Silver Round Wire Per Foot 


Fractions 
of an inch 


Sterling Silver 
Ozs. 


Fine Silver 
Ozs. 


Fractions 
of an inch 


Sterling Silver 
Ozs. 


Fine Silver 
Ozs. 


1/16" 

1/8" 

3/16" 

1/4" 

5/16" 

3/8" 


.2019 
.8076 
1.8172 
3.2305 
5.0477 
7.2686 


.2048 
.8193 
1.8433 
3.2770 
5.1203 
7.3733 


7/16" 
1/2" 
9/16" 
5/8" 
11/16" 
3/4" 


9.8934 
12.9220 
16.3544 
20.1907 
24.4307 
29.0745 


10.0358 
13.1080 
16.5898 
20.4813 
24.7824 
29.4961 



You can depend on our Sterling Silver 



32 





•J 

Sterling Circles 




Weights of Circles in Sterling Silver 






No. 15 to No. 21 B. & S. Gauge 




Diameter 
















of 


B. SbS. 


B. 8bS. 


B. 8bS. 


B. 8eS. 


B. 85S. 


B. 8bS. 


B. 8bS. 


circle 


15-Ga. 


16-Ga. 


17-Ga. 


18-Ga. 


19-Ga. 


20-Ga. 


21-Ga. 


in 


.05706 


.05082 


.04525 


.04030 


.03589 


.03196 


.02846 


inches 


















Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


1 


.25 


.22 


.20 


.18 


.16 


.14 


.12 


2 


1.00 


.90 


.80 


.70 


.65 


.55 


.50 


3 


2.25 


2.00 


1.75 


1.55 


1.40 


1.25 


1.10 


4 


4.00 


3.55 


3.15 


2.80 


2.50 


2.25 


2.00 


5 


6.20 


5.55 


4.95 


4.40 


3.90 


3.50 


3.10 


6 


8.95 


8.00 


7.10 


6.35 


5.65 


5.00 


4.45 


7 


12.20 


10.90 


9.70 


8.65 


7.70 


6.85 


6.10 


8 


15.90 


14.25 


12.65 


11.25 


10.05 


8.95 


7.95 


9 


20.15 


18.00 


16.00 


14.25 


12.70 


11.30 


10.05 


10 


24.85 


22.25 


19.75 


17.60 


15.70 


13.95 


12.45 


11 


30.10 


26.90 


23.90 


21.30 


19.00 


16.90 


15.05 


12 


35.80 


32.05 


28.45 


25.35 


22.60 


20.10 


17.90 


13 


42.05 


37.60 


33.35 


29.75 


26.55 


23.60 


21.00 


14 


48.75 


43.60 


38.70 


34.50 


30.80 


27.35 


24.35 


15 


55.95 


50.05 


44.40 


39.60 


35.35 


31.40 


27.95 


16 


63.65 


56.95 


50.55 


45.05 


40.20 


35.75 


31.85 


17 


71.85 


64.30 


57.05 


50.85 


45.40 


40.35 


35.95 


18 


80.60 


72.10 


63.95 


57.00 


50.90 


45.25 


40.30 


19 


89.80 


80.35 


71.25 


63.50 


56.70 


50.40 


44.90 


20 


99.50 


89.00 


78.95 


70.40 


62.85 


55.85 


49.75 


21 


109.65 


98.15 


87.05 


77.60 


69.25 


61.55 


54.85 


22 


120.30 


107.65 


95.50 


85.15 


76.00 


67.55 


60.15 


23 


131.55 


117.70 


104.45 


93.05 


83.05 


73.85 


65.75 


24 


143.25 


128.15 


113.70 


101.35 


90.45 


80.40 


71.60 


25 


155.40 


139.05 


123.40 


110.00 


98.15 


87.25 


77.70 



33 



Promptness is a feature of our silver business 





Sterling Circles 




Weights of Circles in Sterling Silver 






No. 22 to No. 28 B. & S. Gauge 




Diameter 
















of 


B.&S. 


B.85S. 


B.&S. 


B.8bS. 


B.&S. 


B.&S. 


B.&S. 


circle 


22-Ga. 


23-Ga. 


24-Ga. 


25-Ga. 


26-Ga. 


27-Ga. 


28-Ga. 


in 


.02534 


.02257 


.0201 


.0179 


.01594 


.01419 


.01264 


inches 


















Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


1 


.11 


.098 


.087 


.078 


.069 


.061 


.054 


2 


.45 


.40 


.35 


.30 


.28 


.25 


.22 


3 


1.00 


.90 


.80 


.70 


.65 


.55 


.50 


4 


1.75 


1.55 


1.40 


1.25 


1.10 


.95 


.85 


5 


2.75 


2.45 


2.20 


1.95 


1.75 


1.50 


1.35 


6 


4.00 


3.55 


3.15 


2.80 


2.50 


2.20 


1.95 


7 


5.40 


4.80 


4.30 


3.85 


3.40 


3.00 


2.70 


8 


7.05 


6.30 


5.60 


5.00 


4.45 


3.90 


3.50 


9 


8.95 


7.95 


7.05 


6.35 


5.65 


4.95 


4.40 


10 


11.05 


9.80 


8.70 


7.85 


7.00 


6.10 


5.45 


11 


13.35 


11.85 


10.55 


9.50 


8.45 


7.40 


6.60 


12 


15.90 


14.15 


12.55 


11.30 


10.05 


8.80 


7.85 


13 


18.70 


16.60 


14.75 


13.25 


11.80 


10.30 


9.20 


14 


21.65 


19.25 


17.10 


15.40 


13.70 


11.95 


10.70 


15 


24.85 


22.10 


19.65 


17.65 


15.70 


13.75 


12.25 


16 


28.30 


25.15 


22.35 


20.10 


17.85 


15.65 


13.95 


17 


31.95 


28.35 


25.20 


22.70 


20.15 


17.65 


15.75 


18 


35.80 


31.80 


28.25 


25.45 


22.60 


19.80 


17.65 


19 


39.90 


35.45 


31.50 


28.35 


25.20 


22.05 


19.70 


20 


44.20 


39.25 


34.90 


31.40 


27.90 


24.45 


21.80 


21 


48.75 


43.30 


38.50 


34.65 


30.80 


26.95 


24.05 


22 


53.50 


47.50 


42.20 


38.00 


33.75 


29.55 


26.40 


23 


58.45 


51.90 


46.15 


41.50 


36.90 


32.30 


28.85 


24 


63.65 


56.55 


50.25 


45.25 


40.20 


35.20 


31.40 


25 


69.10 


61.35 


54.55 


49.05 


43.60 


38.15 


34.10 



Quality and Service first — ALWAYS 



34 







Sterling Circles 






Weights of Circles in Sterling Silver 






No. 29 to No. 36 B. & S 


. Gauge 




Diam- 
eter of 
circle 

in 
inches 


B. ficS. 
29 -Ga. 
.01125 


B. SeS. 
30-Ga. 
.01002 


B. &S. 
31-Ga. 
.00892 


B. 8eS. 
32 -Ga. 
.00795 


B.8bS. 
33-Ga. 

.00708 


B.8bS. 

34-Ga. 

.0063 


b.8bS. 
35-Ga. 
.00561 


B. 8bS. 

36-Ga. 

.005 




Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


Ozs. 


1 


.047 


.043 


.039 


.034 


.030 


.027 


.023 


.021 


2 


.19 


.175 


.157 


.14 


.122 


.11 


.096 


.087 


3 


.45 


.40 


.35 


.31 


.275 


.25 


.216 


.196 


4 


.80 


.70 


.60 


.54 


.50 


.45 


.384 


.35 


5 


1.20 


1.10 


1.00 


.85 


.75 


.70 


.60 


.55 


6 


1.75 


1.55 


1.40 


1.25 


1.10 


1.00 


.85 


.80 


7 


2.40 


2.15 


1.90 


1.70 


1.50 


1.35 


1.15 


1.05 


8 


3.15 


2.80 


2.50 


2.25 


1.95 


1.75 


1.55 


1.40 


9 


4.00 


3.55 


3.20 


2.80 


2.45 


2.25 


1.95 


1.75 


10 


4.90 


4.35 


3.90 


3.50 


3.05 


2.70 


2.40 


2.20 


11 


5.95 


5.25 


4.75 


4.20 


3.70 


3.30 


2.90 


2.65 


12 


7.05 


6.30 


5.65 


5.00 


4.40 


3.90 


3.45 


3.15 


13 


8.30 


7.35 


6.65 


5.90 


5.15 


4.60 


4.05 


3.70 


14 


9.60 


8.55 


7.70 


6.85 


6.00 


5.35 


4.70 


4.25 


15 


11.05 


9.80 


8.85 


7.85 


6.85 


6.15 


5.40 


4.90 


16 


12.55 


11.15 


10.05 


8.95 


7.80 


7.00 


6.15 


5.60 


17 


14.20 


12.60 


11.35 


10.10 


8.80 


8.00 


6.95 


6.30 


18 


15.90 


14.15 


12.70 


11.30 


9.90 


8.85 


7.75 


7.05 


19 


17.70 


15.75 


14.15 


12.60 


11.00 


9.85 


8.65 


7.85 


20 


19.65 


17.45 


15.70 


13.95 


12.20 


10.90 


9.60 


8.70 


21 


21.65 


19.25 


17.30 


15.40 


13.45 


12.20 


10.60 


9.60 


22 


23.70 


21.10 


19.00 


16.85 


14.75 


13.35 


11.60 


10.55 


23 


25.95 


23.10 


20.75 


18.95 


16.15 


14.60 


12.70 


11.55 


24 


28.25 


25.15 


22.60 


20.10 


17.60 


15.90 


13.80 


12.55 


25 


30.65 


27.25 


24.50 


21.80 


19.05 


17.25 


15.00 


13.65 



35 



Sterling Silver of uniform gauge and quality 



Sterling Circles 

Areas and Weights of Circles 



Diameter 

of 

circle 

in 
Inches 


Area of 
Circle 

in 
Square 
Inches 


Weight in decimal parts 

of an oz. 

Troy weight 

of circle 

Ga. .001 


1 


.7854 


.00436 


2 


3.1416 


.01755 


3 


7.0686 


.0393 


4 


12.5664 


.0698 


5 


19.635 


.109 


6 


28.2744 


.157 


7 


38.4846 


.214 


8 


50.2656 


.2792 


9 


63.6174 


.3534 


10 


78.54 


.4363 


11 


95.0334 


.5279 


12 


113.0976 


.6283 


13 


132.7326 


.7374 


14 


153.9384 


.8552 


15 


176.715 


.9817 


16 


^ 201.0624 


1.117 


17 


226.9806 


1.261 


18 


254.4696 


1.4137 


19 


283.5294 


1.5751 


20 


314.16 


1.7453 


21 


346.3614 


1.9242 


22 


380.1336 


2.111 


23 


415.4766 


2.308 


24 


452.3904 


2.5132 


25 


490.87 


2.727 



Above weights are for a thickness of y q^o of an inch. To find the 
weight of any given circle, multiply the weight given in the last column 
for that diameter by the thickness of your circle in thousandths. 



Sterling Silver in sheet or wire 



36 



Waste Solutions 

Recovery of Silver and Gold from 
Cyanide Solutions 

BOTH silver and gold may be recovered from cyanide solutions by 
adding acids and allowing to stand until thoroughly settled, drain- 
ing off the top which is clear, taking care to test for values before 
throwing the solution away. Silver cyanide solution may also be pre- 
cipitated by using "Liver of Sulphur", (Potassium Sulphate) allowing 
to stand ten or twelve hours, and pouring off the clear solution after testing 
for value. , . 

The cleanest and surest method, however, is to place the solution in 
a clean, tight tank, or crock, if small in quantity, and add zinc dust or 
shavings to the solution. The amount of zinc need not be exact and 
depends upon the richness of the solution in metal values. Care should 
be taken to have an excess of zinc and about two ounces of zinc per 
gallon of solution is sufficient for solutions of average strength. After 
adding the zinc, an occasional stirring is beneficial for the first few hours. 
Following this it is well to let the solution stand over night. The clear 
solution can then be poured off, taking the precaution to test the solution 
for values. The presence of values shows either too little zinc or too 
short a time of treatment and the addition of more zinc and further 
stirring will remove the remaining values. 

There is great danger in the use of acid in precipitating, as the 
reaction throws off the most poisonous gas known. The use of liver of 
sulphur has the objection of producing a dirty slime. With zinc dust 
the precious metals are deposited on the zinc in metallic form and the 
residue is much more easily handled. 

Zinc dust is preferable to the shavings as it mixes more readily with 
the solution, and since it has a greater surface per ounce than the 
shavings, the action is quicker. 

The dust may be obtained from any supply house and is not expensive. 

The residue should either be dried, or put in a keg with sawdust to 
take care of the excess wetness, and sent to Handy & Harman for refining. 



37 Our big and efficient plant insures accurate returns on your wastes 



Diamond and Pearl Weights 

Table for Converting ''Old" Carats and Grains 
into ''New" Metric Equivalents 

The "old" carat in general use throughout the United States weighs 
about 205.3 milligrams, while the new International metric carat weighs 
exactly 200 milligrams. 

Example: Find the metric equivalent of 130^ carats *'old" weight. 
Using the tables on pages 39-40, we find: 

Table No. 1 100 = 102.65 

Table No. 1 30 = 30.80 

Table No. 2 if = .30 

133.75 metric carats. 

There is no such weight as a "Pearl" grain. Custom, however, 
sanctions the rule that four pearl grains is the equivalent of one carat; in 
other words, one quarter carat represents one grain; one-eighth of a carat 
represents one-half grain and so down to one sixty-fourth of a carat, which 
represents the smallest fraction of a grain, namely, one sixteenth. By 
using this table you will be able to convert the weights of mounted as well 
as unmounted gems and pearls from the "old" to the metric carats and 
grains. 

Example: Find the metric equivalent of a lot of pearls weighing 
127]^ grains "old" weight. Using the tables on pages 39-40 we find: 



Table No. 1 100 = 102.65 

Table No. 1 27= 27.72 

Table No. 3 i^= .32 

130.69 metric grains. 



Our Service Department is for you 38 



Diamond and Pearl Weights 


Table No. 1. Carats and Grains 




Old 


New Metric 


Old 


1 
New Metric 


Old 


New Metric 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


1 


1.03 


38 


39.01 1 


75 


76.99 


2 


2.05 


39 


40.03 ! 


76 


78.01 


3 


3.08 


40 


41.06 


77 


79.04 


4 


4.11 


41 


42.09 


78 


80.07 


5 


5.13 


42 


43.11 


79 


81.09 


6 


6.16 


43 


44.14 


80 


82.12 


7 


7.19 


44 


45.17 


81 


83.15 


8 


8.21 


45 


46.19 


82 


84.17 


9 


9.24 


46 


47.22 


83 


85.20 


10 


10.27 


47 


49.25 


84 


86.23 


11 


11.29 


48 


49.27 


85 


87.25 


12 


12.32 


49 


50.30 


86 


88.28 


13 


13.34 


50 


51.33 


87 


89.31 


14 


14.37 


51 


52.35 


88 


90.33 


15 


15.40 


52 


53.38 


89 


91.36 


16 


16.42 


53 


54.40 


90 


92.39 


17 


17.45 


54 


55.43 


91 


93.41 


18 


18.48 


55 


56.46 


92 


94.44 


19 


19.50 


56 


57.48 


93 


95.46 


20 


20.53 


57 


58.51 


94 


96.49 


21 


21.56 


58 


59.54 


95 


97.52 


22 


22.58 


59 


60.56 


96 


98.54 


23 


23.61 


60 


61.59 


97 


99.57 


24 


24.64 


61 


62.62 


98 


100.60 


25 


25.66 


62 


63.64 


99 


101.62 


26 


26.69 


63 


. 64.67 


100 


102.65 


27 


27.72 


64 


65.70 


200 


205.30 


28 


28.74 


65 


66.72 


300 


307.95 


29 


29.77 


66 


67.75 . 


400 


410.60 


30 


30.80 


67 


68.78 


500 


513.25 


31 


31.82 


68 


69.80 


600 


615.90 


32 


32.85 


69 


70.83 


700 


718.55 


33 


33.87 


70 


71.86 


800 


821.20 


34 


34.90 


71 


72.88 


900 


923.85 


35 


35.93 


72 


73.91 


1000 


1026.50 


36 


36.95 


73 


74.93 


2000 


2053.00 


37 


37.98 


74 


75.96 


5000 


5132.50 



39 ''Special Refined''— the ONLY silver made especially for alloying 



Diamond and Pearl Weights 

Table No. 2. Carats 
Old 64ths with Metric Equivalents 



Old 


New Metric 


Old 


New Metric 


Old 


New Metric 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


1/64 


.02 


22/64 


.35 


43/64 


.69 


2/64 


.03 


23/64 


.37 


44/64 


.71 


3/64 


.05 


24/64 


.38 


45/64 


.72 


4/64 


.06 


25/64 


.40 


46/64 


.74 


5/64 


.08 


26/64 


.42 


47/64 


.75 


6/64 


.10 


27/64 


.43 


48/64 


.77 


7/64 


.11 


28/64 


.45 


49/64 


.79 


8/64 


.13 


29/64 


.47 


50/64 


.80 


9/64 


.14 


30/64 


.48 


51/64 


.82 


10/64 


.16 


31/64 


.50 


52/64 


.83 


11/64 


.18 


32/64 


.51 


53/64 


.85 


12/64 


.19 


33/64 


.53 


54/64 


.87 


13/64 


.21 


34/64 


.55 


55/64 


.88 


14/64 


.22 


35/64 


.56 


56/64 


.90 


15/64 


.24 


36/64 


.58 


57/64 


.91 


16/64 


.26 


37/64 


.59 


58/64 


.93 


17/64 


.27 


38/64 


.61 


59/64 


.95 


18/64 


.29 


39/64 


.63 


60/64 


.96 


19/64 


.30 


40/64 


.64 


61/64 


.98 


20/64 


.32 


41/64 


.66 


62/64 


.99 


21/64 


.34 


42/64 


.67 


63/64 


1.01 



Table No. 3. Grains 
Old 16ths with Metric Equivalents 



Old 


New Metric 


Old 


New Metric 


Old 


New Metric 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


Weight 


1/16 


.06 


6/16 


.38 


11/16 


.71 


2/16 


.13 


7/16 


.45 


12/16 


.77 


3/16 


.19 


8/16 


.51 


13/16 


.83 


4/16 


.26 


9/16 


.58 


14/16 


.90 


5/16 


.32 


10/16 


.64 


15/16 


.96 



Send us your wastes 



40 



Reputation 



A concern of reputation has something more 
at stake than the amount involved in your own 
personal dealings with it. 

When a firm does a successful and growing busi- 
ness year after year for 50 years you know it 
is earning the confidence of its patrons in its service 
and products and that it must be living up to its 
reputation. 

Handy 8b Harman have been established since 1865 
and are recognized as the largest concern in their 
line of industry in the United States. 



237 90 






0^ 
























.0 «*'"*♦ 
*j55v\^»*k* 



^0^ O'JL.** O A^ 






'. ■> 















♦* 


















HECKMAN 

BIMDERY INC. 

^ MAY 90 

N. MANCHESTER, 




INDIANA 46962 



'<r 



'"J*SP' 








jpv. 



